The smoke can increase the city's air pollution levels. The government is increasing its provision of public housing in apartment blocks within the city, which provide larger buildings with multi-family housing units. Almost 50 percent of the boundaries in Africa are geometric, and at least 177 ethnic groups are split in two or more states. 58 \\ 60 \\ \text{\$15,640.00}&\text{\$1,015.00}&\text{\$969.68}&\text{\$226.78}\\ (Social Darwinism as applied to foreign policy). Report an Error Example Question #12 : Political Organization Of Space Federal and unitary states Ap Human Geography, AP Human Geography- Chapter 11- Agriculture K. It is your destiny. 6 \\ majority-area in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities. \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} 32 \\ \text { Atmos Energy } \\ Zoom and pan the map to see the entire world. \text { C } \\ persistent differences in levels and rates of economic development between different sectors of the economy. Ex. The payroll was paid by Check No. The boundary between the two countries was created as a result of the Allied victory and the subsequent occupation of Germany by the Soviet Union and other Western powers. has a rough, circular or oval shape without major indentations, a state that completely surrounds another, A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory, have a long extension as part of their territory, love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it. environmental issues that span across national borders and require that nations work together to solve them, an organization involving several countries, a global organization that seeks to promote international corporation to adress global economic problems. BowaterPLCCallawayGolfCentralParkingDeanFoodsDoleFoodElec. Rivers are common boundaries between nations , states, and smaller political units such as counties. a customs union comprising Belgium, the Netherlands, andLuxembourg, begun January 1, 1948. state that contains more than one nation (usually no one single dominant ethnic group). \textbf{Earnings}&\textbf{Tax Withheld}&\textbf{Tax Withheld}&\textbf{Withheld}\\[2pt] Looking for more resources to use in preparing for this tricky AP test? Source | Wikimedia Commons 58 \\ In some cases, political boundaries are based on natural features such as rivers, mountains, or other geographical landmarks, while in other cases they may be arbitrary lines drawn on a map. The border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland: The border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is an internal boundary that divides the two countries. For example, if there is a huge population of liberal black voters in a district, they would win seats as they outvote conservative white voters. 31 \\ The census can provide valuable information about a population's age, gender, race, income, education level, and other characteristics, which can be used to inform policy decisions, allocate resources, and plan for the future. After you finish the last part of a particular free-response question, check over all your answers for that question one last time to ensure that everything is the way you want it to be. CompanyAdvoAlaskaAirGroupAlliantTechAtmosEnergyBankofAm. Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com, allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. Popular AP Human Geography sets 1.1, 1.4 introduction to maps Scale of analysis and Regional analysis Geographic Data, Spacial concepts, Human-Environmental interaction FIRST SET OF VOCAB Second set of pop vocab Migration Culture Language Religion 4.1-4.3 Agriculture Home Flashcards About FAQ Terms of Service Privacy Statement Contact On the basis of their responses, classify them into lifestyle segments. Want to build the best possible college application? The division of Yugoslavia into several independent countries in the 1990s. What ACT target score should you be aiming for? The border was guarded by both North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese military forces and was the site of numerous battles and skirmishes. &\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \text { EPS } \\ StructureYStructureZFirstCost$4,500$10,000EstimatedLife12years24yearsEstimatedSalvageValueNone$1,800AnnualMaintenanceCost$1,000$720\begin{array}{|l|c|c|} Ex. \text { NYMAGIC } \\ Nazi Germany used this theory to justify expansionism. Likewise, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is separated by another geometric boundary along the 141st meridian. to have better access to services, health care, or education. lol), The study of the relations among geography, states (countries) and world powers 80 \\ In part A of the sample question, the key command is "define," meaning you could just give a one-sentence answer that clearly outlines what a multinational state is. An internal boundary is a line or border that divides one area or entity into two or more smaller areas or entities. Real World Implications: -The Domino Theory in which the war in Vietnam was a result -The Marshall plan which was to aid Europe at the end of WWII and combat the spread of Soviet Communism. "Packing" refers to the practice of concentrating a group of voters into a single district in order to reduce their influence in other districts. In the prior exercise, you were asked to obtain the most recent annual report of a company that you were interested in reviewing throughout this term. Three broad geographic regions (core, periphery, semi-periphery) a. an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members. 72 \\ Our one-on-one online AP tutoring services can help you prepare for your AP exams. involve natural resources: mineral deposits, fertile farmland, or rich fishing space which all lay on border area. As a result of the fact that the course of a river is not fixed, a river boundary can be problematic. \text { Rating } Which one of the following statements about the states within the United States is FALSE? From the following list, identify the accounts that should be closed to Income Summary at the end of the fiscal year under a perpetual inventory system: (f) Supplies. Conflicts arise if the people of one state want to annex a territory whose population is ethnically related to them. \mathrm{C} \\ In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. The wall serves as an internal boundary, dividing China from the steppes to the north. 18 \\ AP Human Geography free-response questions are typically pretty straightforward so you can attack them in a methodical fashion. StoreGatewayGoodyearHansonPLCICNPharm. \hline \text { First Cost } & \$ 4,500 & \$ 10,000 \\ Internal boundaries can be created for a variety of reasons, and the process by which they are created can vary depending on the context. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. Before we get into examples with answer explanations, let's go over the essential steps you must take in order to effectively answer these types of questions. an area that has a large population that shares a common history/culture, an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal land and foreign affairs, a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity, a nation that does not have a political territory, a country that contrains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distant nationalities, an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impost tis political economic and cultural principals in another territory, second phase of European colonialism beginning in the 18th century due to industrial revolution sought colonies for resources, proposed by Halford Mackinder: Suggested that which ever state controlled the resource rich "heartland" of Eastern Europe could eventually dominate the world, proposed by Nicholas Spykman suggested that sea power is more valuable and that alliances will keep the heartland in check. Wallerstein's World Systems Theory Three Tiers. Dept. During the dry season, farmers in northern India will burn the dead vegetation in their fields (following the harvest) to improve soil nutrients. CompanyEPSRatingRelativePriceStrengthIndustryGroupRelativeStrengthSales/Margins/ROEAdvoAlaskaAirGroupAlliantTechAtmosEnergyBankofAm. \text { C } \\ The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. Individual questions. The division of Germany into East and West after World War II. Real World Implications: -The German-Russian Alliance is to be feared -There is a need to maintain a balance of power on the mainland -system of entangled alliances. He was looking at Eurasia and stated that he who rules Eastern Europe commands the heartland and he who rules the heartland commands the world island. \mathrm{A} \\ \text { Teco Energy } \\ 61 \\ What are some examples of a fortified boundary? In this document students will learn examples of boundaries, borders, and barriers around the world that exhibit the . \mathrm{B} 46 \\ \text { D } \\ Russian influence in eastern Ukraine is an example of irredentism, or an effort to expand political influence of a state on a group of people in a neighboring state. The border was established in the 1920s as part of the partition of Ireland and has been a source of conflict and controversy. geometric boundary straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences cultural/ethnic or consequent boundary a political boundary that separates different cultures relic boundary a boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape Go, respond. \text { A } \\ Physical Boundary. a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government. 58 \\ a geographical unit for the local administration of schools. What are some examples of a superimposed boundary? A group that works to develop an entire region to attract industries to a specific area, a type of multi-national confederation, where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. In the US, each person in Congress represents about 747,000 people, which is significantly more than the equivalent representative in other countries. What are some examples of a relict boundary? 776 on June 30 of the current year. An orange juice producer buys all his oranges from a large orange grove. ? Alternative electrical energy and/or alternative fuel programs that are cleaner-burning or have zero emissions. In order for states to grow stronger they ne3ed to add new territory. Transportation-oriented development of new housing, industrial and retailing areas. He proposed that a state resembles a biological organism whose life cycle extends from birth through maturity and ultimately decline and death. Also, the spark for the the Persian Gulf war between Iraq and Kuwait was regarding rights to oil. 12 \\ Overall, any boundary has consequences, whether positive or negative. Dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, have high levels of productivity within diversified economies, Able to exploit peripheral regions, but are themselves exploited and dominated by core regions, Have undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity. SAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination BoardTM. \end{array} \\ T accounts and a cash payments journal page are provided in the Working Papers. Describe: Provide the relevant characteristics of a specified topic. What are some examples of a physical boundary? There is conflict over where exactly the border is between the U.S. and Mexico, especially along the Rio Grande because the river has changed course and moved, and it is the traditional border. \text { Sales/Margins/ } \\ lands that would protect by creating a surrounding buffer of sympathetic countries, they bind together the people of a state, enable it to function, and give it strength, destabilize and weakens a state, basically the opposite of centripetal force, sovereign state comprising of a town and a surrounding countryside, Ronald Reagan coined the term 'evil empire' for the soviet union and the US was 'the shining city on a hill', basically he developed a sense of 'us' and 'them'. How does the term "registration" relate to the chapter? 4 Diagnostic Tests 225 Practice Tests Question of the Day Flashcards Learn by Concept. Houston Company's payroll register has the following totals for the semimonthly pay period, June 16-30, of the current year. A boundary marked by some visible means on the ground, The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government, Boundaries that follow a natural feature in the landscape, Delimited boundaries that are drawn according to a latitude or longitude. In part E, the task verb is "describe," which denotes a longer answer that elaborates on an example of a centripetal force that governments use. By manipulating district boundaries, political parties can try to ensure that they win a disproportionate number of seats in the government, even if they do not have the support of a majority of voters. Geological features such as oil deposits or minerals, which can influence the economic development of a region and create conflicts over resources. In some countries, participation in the census is required by law and failure to respond can result in fines or other penalties. A boundary drawn across an area before it is well populated and before there is any culture landscape. 84 \\ An "exclave" is a region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country. \text { Winnebago } \\ \text { Goodyear } \\ During cold war these states of the USSR were in Eastern Europe, It began to fall in Eastern Europe in 1989 first with Poland then with the collapse of the Berlin Wall and ending with the collapse of the USSR in 1991, States protect themselves against others by matching their power against the power of the other side The border between two cities or municipalities can be thought of as a geometric boundary that divides the two jurisdictions. ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score, How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League, Is the ACT easier than the SAT? The data on Sales/Margins/ROE are a composite rating based on a companys sales growth rate, its profit margins, and its return on equity (ROE). What is the probability that a randomly selected orange will contain between 5.00 and 5.50 ounces of juice? \text { Estimated Salvage } \\ As mentioned in Section 13.4, boundaries can influence the solidarity of a state, as boundaries disputes can result in conflict. Unit 4 Political Patterns and Processes 2021,, Unit whatever this is human geo- finished as, AP Human Geography Unit 8, Political Geography, World History and Geography: Modern Times. Microstate (ministate): A country that is small in both population and area. Internal boundaries can be found in a variety of contexts, including geographic regions, political divisions, and organizational structures. One classic example of an exclave is Alaska because it is not part of the contiguous continental United States. Your free-response score accounts for half your AP Human Geography test score (the other half comes from your multiple-choice section score). Assume that six minutes are required to mold each candle. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. However, they're often criticized for failing to acknowledge the pre-existing ethnic and cultural divides between people who live on either side of the . Once you've finished writing your answer, reread the question and your response to make sure you've done everything it asked you to do. 76 \\ 17 \\ The amount of juice squeezed from each of these oranges is approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 4.70 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.40 ounce. Check out my ultimate study guide for AP Human Geography! the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to size, output, or scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing scale as fixed costs are spread out over more units of output. 14 \\ any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a lost homeland. 8.4 BOUNDARIES AND BOUNDARY DISPUTES by University System of Georgia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Hang in there, and try to form mental connections to help yourself understand them (rather than just memorizing). Ex. 57 \\ Boundaries can be both physical and anthropogenic, and while it is difficult to categorize all boundaries, some prominent boundary types exist. 81 \\ The EU has removed many economic boundaries between member countries, allowing for the free movement of goods, services, and people. StoreGatewayGoodyearHansonPLCICNPharm. In 1912, the number of representatives was limited, which means even though the population of the US has tripled, the representation has not increased. \text { B } \\ Natural/physical-political boundary Boundaries that follow a natural feature in the landscape \text { McDermott } \\ \text { Dean Foods } \\ \end{array} If all ethnic groups in Africa were to be enclosed in their own boundaries, Africa would have over 2,000 countries (1). an agreement signed Mexico, U.s, Canada to create trade bloc in North AM. A league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. For example, an internal boundary might be a line that divides a country into states or provinces, or a line that divides a city into neighborhoods or districts. \hline \text { Company } & \begin{array}{l} \text { B } \\ The Strait of Gibraltar is the boundary between southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. political and economic organisation of ten Southeast Asian countries. \text { Office Depot } \\ territorially legally tied to a sovereign state, the process of placing price on a good and then buying selling and trading the good, an economy in which businessactivities and the allocation of resources are determined bygovernment order rather than market forces, the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly. If you're satisfied, move on to the next part of the question, and repeat the process of identifying task verbs and trying to get the full point offered at each part of the question (always labeled A-G). The era of confrontation and competition between the US and the Soviet Union when the threat of nuclear war created constant world tension Examples: The United States and Mexico argued over their mutual boundary for years even after it was officially set in 1848. A nationality that is not represented by a state. 45 \\ Smart-growth policies, slow-growth, or zoning policies that restrict the amount of land that can be developed or create a development boundary or greenbelt around the city. \text { Annual Maintenance } \\ Prepare a frequency distribution for the data on Industry Group Relative Strength. agreement between two or more states to fight against an opponent. a military alliance of western democracies begun in 1949 with 28 member states today; its members agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. \text { Hanson PLC } \\ b. Devolution of political power from a central authority creates this allowing for more regional or local control, a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states. Dept. 80 \\ \mathrm{E} \\ A need for improved sanitation, water supply, waste disposal, or wastewater treatment facilities. \mathrm{B} \\ Identifying these verbs will also get you in the habit of paying closer attention to the differences between each of the tasks. Here are some common ways that gerrymandering can occur: "Cracking" refers to the practice of dividing a group of voters into multiple districts in order to dilute their voting power. major physical features that serve as a means of separation, boundary that has been forced upon the inhabitants f an area to solve a problem and/or conflict, straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences, a political boundary that separates different cultures, boundary that operates different speakers, boundary that separates different religions, a boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape, physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory, a boundary that follows a country's coastline 12 miles into the ocean. \text { Kroger } \\ \text { Fed. Redistricting is typically carried out in order to reflect changes in population and to ensure that each electoral district has roughly the same number of people. AP Human Geography is an introductory college-level human geography course. Part of the northern boundary between the US and Canada is a straight line along 49 degrees latitude, 45 degrees latitude, and 141 degrees west latitude depending on if you are in MN, VT, or Alaska. 21 \\ Some borders split ethnic groups that are more closely related to the people on the other side of the border. Explain: Provide information about how or why a relationship, process, pattern, position, or outcome occurs, using evidence and/or reasoning. He said that if the balance of power is upset a state or combination of states could become the dominant world power. \text { Reebok } \\ We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. \text { Elec. occur when states argue over where the boundary actually is. While there's nothing wrong with using free-response questions crafted by test-prep companies for preliminary practice, you should always incorporate official questions into your studying at frequent intervals. Boundary disputes can arise for a variety of reasons, such as changes in political or economic conditions, conflicting interpretations of treaties or agreements, or competing claims . The border between the United States and Canada, which was established as a result of negotiations between the two countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In most modern economies the possible coalitions of interested groups are numerous, and the variety of possible unilateral barriers is great. There was West & East Europe and the USSR. These types of borders don't usually show up on maps. Limited Sovereignty and International Boundary Disputes Allocational: when a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries. Like most rivers, the Rio Grande shifts gradually (and sometimes abruptly) through time. Which of the following employees would not fit into a protected class? laws establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the Earth's waters and their resources. (This type of expansion is called irredentism). In an organizational context, an internal boundary might be a line that divides a company into different departments or divisions. Figure 8.5 | Chamizal Treaty map 46 \\ Some common ways in which internal boundaries are created include: Political decisions: Internal boundaries are often created through political processes, such as legislation or executive action. But, when the Soviet Union emerged and gave Moscow control over much of Eastern Europe the Heartland Theory attracted renewed attention. established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation (192 member states); precursor was the League of Nations that went defunct at the beginning of WWII. It's time to fly free! 56 \\ Synonymous with the term "country" (e.g., Iraq, South Africa, Canada). \text { D } \\ AP Human Geography : Function of Boundaries Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Human Geography. The border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, which was established as a result of the partition of Ireland in 1922. D. ethnic boundary Answer: Geometric boundaries are based on human constructs such as straight lines. It sets up the topic you'll be analyzing and gives you firmer ground to stand on when addressing the rest of the question. Heres an example in Louisiana. For example, in the United States (which is delimited by the Mississippi River), there is a "one way" highway north of the border. \mathrm{C} \\ What are some examples of a language boundary? AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities, the action of making something democratic, minority-A rule by which the design of new electoral boundaries, must where possible, create electoral districts which have a majority population of some group which is a national minority. In the sample question above, the introductory statement makes it clear that the question will deal with states, national governments, and tensions between the two. 87 \\ \text { ICN Pharm. } (also called ethnographic) a border drawn to accommodate existing religious linguistic ethnic or economic differences between countries (ex; N Ireland and Ireland), Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology, the original nucleus of a state (usually contains the densest population and largest cities, most developed transportation system and economic base), helps explain why some inner city areas enjoy considerable prosperity, whilst others display all the signs of urban deprivation and poverty. 7 \\ A state needs sustenance in the form of resources and room to grow. 70 \\ The central government created by such a league has only limited powers over the states. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. NAFTA has removed many economic boundaries between these countries, leading to increased trade and economic cooperation. \text { Alliant Tech } \\ the behavior of a male animal that defines and defends its territory, a treaty-like, legal sounding document is drawn up in which actual points in the landscape are described, the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty into an official cartographic representation, actual placing of a political boundary of the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers, boundaries that are administered by administration, a boundary existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations. \text { Value } Identify: Indicate or provide information about a specified topic, without elaboration or explanation. The census is a process of counting and collecting information about a population. India has a large rural population and urban poor population who are dependent on burning wood for home heating and cooking. A 20th century example is the German invasion of Czechoslovakia and Poland, with German minorities. The Rio Grande is an important physical boundary on the southern border of the United States. Internal boundaries can be used to define and distinguish different areas or entities within a larger whole, and they can play a role in shaping the identity and character of the smaller units that they divide. Natural resource boundaries are vertical planes that extend up into the sky and down into the earth Example: in 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait for drilling too many wells and Eastern Europe was this \mathrm{A} \\ a state of political conflict using means short of armed warfare, a group of people who have come together to advocate for freedom. 79 \\ \mathrm{B} \\ Here's a sample question from the 2020 Course and Exam Description that I'll use as a reference so you can see how the different steps apply: Before you start in on the first part of the question, be sure to read the short introductory blurb. The division of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947. Poverty rates have fallen and real incomes have risen in Mexico, but farmers haven't fared well due to cheaper food from US agribusiness; also US manufacturing workers have lost jobs to maquiladora plants in Mexico (mostly due to cheaper labor costs). Ukraine is in between Western Europe and Russia, Sought to off strategic advice for states and explain why countries interact at a global scale the way they do. 36 \\ One World Market that dominates economic decisions 2. Section I: Multiple Choice. \mathrm{B} \\ legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual point on a landscape where a political boundary exists (First Phase in Boundary :treaty), boundary that a cartographer has drawn on a map (Second phase in boundary: creation), boundary that is actually marked on the ground by wall or fence post, enforcement of a boundary by government or people (final phase of boundary creation), independence from control of its internal affairs by other states, establishes who has control of water (12 m miles out from the sea), reappointment of representatives every ten years based on results of the census, redrawing of political boundaries for political gain by one of the major political powers, state in which all decisions are made by national government, power is distributed among states within a nation, a state in which distance from the center to any boundary doesn't vary signifigantly, a state that completely surrounds another, a state that disontiuious pieces of territory, an other wise compact state with a large projecting extension, a nation that transcends the borders of 2 or more states, an area with a singular cultural group that is not incorporated into the government in that state, strong feelings of nationality can lead to separatism, belief in creating alliances and organizations that transcend national borders (usually for economic/political/military gain), an international agreement on the trade of goods and services.
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